10 Judgements That Changed India: Landmark Cases and Their Impact

Introduction
India’s legal landscape has been shaped by several landmark judgments that have not only clarified the law but also transformed the way justice is administered. These cases have had profound impacts on citizens’ rights, societal norms, and governmental authority. In this blog post, we explore 10 landmark judgments that redefined India’s socio-political and legal fabric. You can download the full PDF for a detailed analysis of these cases.

1. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
The Basic Structure Doctrine introduced by this judgment limited Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution. This landmark ruling ensured that while amendments can be made, the fundamental framework of the Constitution must remain intact, safeguarding citizens’ rights and democracy.

2. Life, Uninterrupted: The Supreme Court’s Chance at Redemption
In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court significantly expanded the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty). It ruled that the procedure established by law must be fair, just, and reasonable, reinforcing the importance of due process.

3. Whose Law Is It Anyway?: A Flashpoint in Religious Fundamentalism
The Mohammed Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985) case was a flashpoint in the debate over religious personal laws and the rights of women. The court’s decision to grant alimony under secular law sparked discussions on the relationship between religion and the law in India.

4. Home on the Range: The Emergence of ‘Second Generation Rights’ like Housing
In Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), the Supreme Court recognized the Right to Livelihood as part of the Right to Life under Article 21, protecting pavement dwellers from eviction without due legal process, and marking a shift toward recognizing socio-economic rights.

5. Justice Delayed: The Loss through Law
The Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India (1989), also known as the Bhopal Gas Tragedy case, dealt with the tragic consequences of industrial negligence. This case highlighted the need for corporate accountability and raised concerns about delayed justice and compensation for victims.

6. ‘No, I Am More Backward Than You Are!’: The Discourse on Reservations
Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992), or the Mandal Commission case, upheld the reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) but capped it at 50%, reshaping affirmative action policies and sparking debates on caste and class in India.

7. Death in Custody: The Breach of Trust and Its Price
In Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa (1993), the Supreme Court emphasized state responsibility for custodial deaths, reinforcing the importance of protecting fundamental human rights, especially for those in police or judicial custody.

8. Courting Liberty: Independence of the Judiciary as Envisaged by the Constitution of India
The Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (1993) case reinforced the independence of the judiciary by ensuring that the appointment of judges would remain within the judiciary itself, strengthening the checks and balances on executive power.

9. All in a Day’s Work: Sexual Harassment at the Workplace
In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), the court established guidelines to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace, which led to the enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013. This was a crucial step for women’s rights in India.

10. Killing Me Softly: The Euthanasia Debate in India
Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011) addressed the sensitive issue of euthanasia. The court allowed passive euthanasia under strict guidelines, recognizing the right to die with dignity as an extension of the Right to Life.

Conclusion
These ten judgments reflect the critical role the judiciary has played in shaping the legal and moral landscape of India. From personal liberty to affirmative action, and corporate accountability to women’s rights, these cases have been at the heart of India’s journey toward justice. For a detailed exploration of these judgments, download the PDF attached below.

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NUJS National Disability Law Moot 2025 – India’s 1st Moot on Disability Rights

NUJS National Disability Law Moot 2025 – A Historic Step Toward Inclusive Legal Advocacy

The NUJS National Disability Law Moot 2025 is India’s first national-level moot court competition dedicated solely to the legal rights of persons with disabilities (PwDs). Organized by the prestigious West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS), Kolkata, this competition sets a new precedent in legal education by focusing exclusively on disability law.

With a history of hosting top-tier events such as the NUJS-HSF Moot, ADR Mediation Competition, and Para-Invicta, NUJS continues its tradition of promoting inclusivity and justice with this pioneering initiative.

What Is the NUJS National Disability Law Moot 2025 About?

This moot is designed to:

  • Encourage legal scholarship in disability law
  • Highlight critical themes like workplace discrimination, inclusive education, and accessibility
  • Create a national platform for future legal professionals to explore and argue real-world issues under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016

The competition includes:

  • Memorial Qualification Round
  • Offline Oral Rounds at the WBNUJS campus in Kolkata
  • Researcher’s Test for qualifying teams

Key Dates and Deadlines

EventDate
Registration OpensMay 30, 2025
Clarification DeadlineJune 25, 2025
Registration ClosesJune 30, 2025
Memorial SubmissionJuly 12, 2025
Oral Round ShortlistJuly 21, 2025
Oral Rounds at WBNUJSAugust 21–24, 2025

Eligibility & Team Composition

  • Open to undergraduate law students in any Indian university
  • 2 to 3 members per team
  • Cross-college teams allowed
  • No cap on the number of teams per institution
  • Postgraduate students are not eligible

Awards & Recognition

The NUJS National Disability Law Moot 2025 offers extensive awards, including:

  • Winning, Runners-Up & Second Runners-Up Teams
  • Best Advocate (Prelims and Overall)
  • Best Memorials (Petitioner & Respondent)
  • Best Researcher & Runner-Up
  • Certificates for Semi- and Quarter-Finalists
  • Participation certificates for all teams

Registration Fees & Optional Accommodation

  • Memo Round Fee: ₹2,500/team
    • ₹2,100 for teams with at least one PwD participant
  • Oral Round Fee (for shortlisted teams): ₹2,000
  • Accommodation (optional): ₹5,500/team (August 21–24)

Payment Details:

  • Account Name: Student Juridical Association
  • Account No: 520101246976299
  • IFSC Code: UBIN0906638
  • Bank: Union Bank, NUJS Branch, Salt Lake, Kolkata

Registration Process

  1. Fill the official Google Form: https://forms.gle/sZHKXriWTy4EEfGL8
  2. Email the following to nationaldisabilitymoot@nujs.edu:
    • Names, Years, and Institutions of team members
    • College ID Cards
    • Payment screenshot

Contact Details

  • Email: nationaldisabilitymoot@nujs.edu
  • Chair: Kinjal Das – +91 75959 65675
  • Deputy Chairs:
    • Anushka Maji – +91 86174 78308
    • Saarthak Samadder – +91 94330 48880
  • Board of Directors:
    • Ritika Amlajiya – +91 80943 45186
    • Shubhankar Singha – +91 96797 30493

Final Words

The NUJS National Disability Law Moot 2025 is not just another moot—it’s a platform for change. By promoting awareness of the challenges faced by PwDs through legal debate, WBNUJS is nurturing future lawyers who will lead the way in accessibility and justice.

Don’t miss this opportunity to be part of history. Register today and join us in Kolkata for a groundbreaking legal experience.


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Junior Associate Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud – Apply Now for a Prestigious Legal Opportunity

Junior Associate Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud is the focus of a new call for applications, offering an exceptional opportunity to work with the former Chief Justice of India. This role, based in New Delhi, is ideal for fresh law graduates from the class of 2025 or legal professionals with up to four years of post-qualification experience (PQE). As part of his office, selected associates will contribute to high-level legal research, assist in the preparation of speeches and scholarly publications, and work on domestic and international arbitrations.

📌 Position: Junior Associate Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud

Two candidates will be selected to work directly with Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud on high-level legal research, speech and article preparation, and arbitration matters—both domestic and international.

✅ Key Details:

  • Position Title: Junior Associate Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud
  • Location: New Delhi
  • Retainership: ₹1,00,000 per month
  • Probation: 3 months
  • Total Duration: 1 year (extendable by mutual consent)
  • Type: Exclusive Retainership (No private practice or court appearances)

🧑‍⚖️ Who Can Apply?

  • Law graduates from a recognized university (3-year or 5-year LLB)
  • Fresh graduates from the Class of 2025 up to 4 years PQE
  • Candidates must be ready for exclusive engagement—no external assignments or appearances allowed

📚 Nature of Work

As a Junior Associate to Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, you will be involved in:

  • Drafting legal opinions and notes
  • Deep legal research across subjects and jurisdictions
  • Preparing speeches, articles, and books
  • Supporting arbitration-related tasks and proceedings

This opportunity is especially suited for those inclined toward public law, academia, or international arbitration.

📅 Application Window

  • Start Date: 21 April 2025
  • End Date: 20 May 2025 (Strict Deadline – No late applications)

📨 How to Apply

Send the following documents to
📧 applications.dychandrachud@gmail.com
with subject: “Application for position of junior associate”

Required Documents:

  1. CV (Max 3 pages)
  2. Writing sample (Published/Unpublished)
  3. Statement of Purpose (Max 300 words)
  4. Scanned law degree (Provisional degree allowed for 2025 grads)

📆 Response by: 30 May 2025
🗣️ Interview: May be held in-person or via video call

🚀 Why Apply?

Working as a Junior Associate to Dr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud provides unparalleled exposure to legal scholarship, policy-making, and arbitration. The role offers mentorship, intellectual rigor, and a chance to contribute to the legacy of a former Chief Justice of India.

Whether you aspire to a future in litigation, academia, or international law, this role could shape your path forward.


Submit your application before 20 May 2025 to be considered for this elite opportunity.

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