Medical Negligence and Legal Principles around it

Medical Negligence

The failure of a healthcare provider to provide the standard of care that is required in their industry, which results in harm or injury to a patient, is referred to as medical negligence, also known as medical malpractice. Hospitals, clinics, and private practices are just a few of the healthcare environments where this neglect can take place. It is a legal notion with grave ramifications for both patients and medical professionals.

Patients put a lot of faith in the ability of doctors, nurses, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals to give the best possible treatment. They demand not only talent and knowledge but also a dedication to their security and well-being. Unfortunately, there are times when this confidence is betrayed because of carelessness or mistakes made during the medical procedure. These mistakes can take many different forms, from incorrect diagnosis and surgical blunders to incorrect medicine administration and birth traumas.

Navigating the complicated world of legal norms, medical standards, and ethical issues is necessary to comprehend medical negligence. The existence of a duty of care, a violation of that duty, a direct causal relationship establishing that the breach caused the patient’s injury, and actual patient damages must all be proven in order to establish medical malpractice.

Medical experts who have knowledge of whether a healthcare provider’s activities departed from the accepted standard of care are frequently called upon to testify in medical malpractice trials. These expert witnesses are essential in determining if a lawsuit has substance and can offer vital advice throughout the courtroom proceedings.

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Components of Medical Negligence

1. Existence of Legal Duty
A doctor is under an implied legal obligation to exercise due diligence and is expected to act in the standard course of a medical practitioner like his or her contemporaries when another person approaches him or her with a medical problem. The other person trusts the doctor to possess specific skills or special knowledge on the matter at hand.

2. Breach of Legal Duty
A doctor is under an implied legal obligation to exercise due diligence and is expected to act in the standard course of a medical practitioner like his or her contemporaries when another person approaches him or her with a medical problem. The other person trusts the doctor to possess specific skills or special knowledge on the matter at hand.

3. Damages
Establishing damages is a critical component in a medical malpractice case. It is not sufficient to merely assert that a healthcare practitioner violated their duty of care or caused harm; you must also demonstrate that actual and quantifiable losses or harm resulted from the provider’s conduct or negligence. Any claim of medical malpractice must include the element of damages. It is the feature that emphasizes the actual, palpable effects of a healthcare provider’s purported neglect. It is critical to show that the patient actually experienced losses as a result of the healthcare provider’s conduct in order to create a strong medical negligence case. Damage can be of various types like physical harm, financial damage, mental harm, pain and suffering, and even death.

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Important Case Laws

• State of Haryana v. Smt Santra
  The Supreme Court ruled that every doctor has a responsibility to exercise a reasonable amount of care. Although no one is flawless in this world and even experts make mistakes, a doctor can only be held accountable if he fails to exercise the same level of reasonable care that any other doctor with similar training would be able to.
• Indian Medical Association vs. P.V. Shantha & Ors.
  The Supreme Court expanded the scope of the Consumer Protection Act to include the medical industry. In contrast to the “contract of service,” which creates a master-servant relationship, the court ruled that the services provided by medical professionals should henceforth be recognized as “service” under Sec. 2(1)(o) of the Consumer Protection Act and would be covered by a “contract for service.” This established the doctor-patient relationship as a contractual one. Patients can now file lawsuits against doctors in consumer protection tribunals for damages if they suffered any injuries during the course of their treatment.
• Poonam Verma v. Ashwin Patel
  In this case, the Supreme Court established what constitutes criminal culpability and distinguished between negligence, recklessness, and rashness. According to the article, someone is said to have acted negligently when they accidentally perform an act or omission that results in a breach of their legal obligations. A person who behaves hastily when they know the implications but naively believe they won’t happen as a result of their action. A careless individual is aware of the consequences but doesn’t give a damn if they are the result of their actions. Any behavior that is not reckless or intentional wrongdoing should not be subject to criminal prosecution, according to the Court.

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Conclusion

The patient may be entitled to damages if these factors are established as true in a court of law. Due to the complexity of these issues, it is frequently necessary to rely on expert medical testimony to prove a duty breach. A trained lawyer with experience in handling medical malpractice claims should be consulted if you think you are the victim of medical negligence so they can assess your case and help you navigate the legal system.

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By – Adeeb Akhtar,
3rd Year, Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar